Did you know that Caravaca de la Cruz holds evidence of the meteorite that wiped out the dinosaurs?

The Barranco del Gredero, located in Caravaca de la Cruz, is not just a natural spot to visit. It has been classified as one of the most important Geological Sites of Interest in the Region of Murcia and worldwide. This paleontological treasure has allowed scientists to study one of the most catastrophic events in Earth's history: the extinction of the dinosaurs. The ravine has preserved evidence of one of the planet’s most dramatic moments, an impact that changed the course of life 66 million years ago.

In the 1970s, a Dutch geologist named Jan Smit began exploring the Barranco del Gredero in Caravaca de la Cruz, a site that at the time seemed to hold little significance. However, his research would reveal something astonishing: the ravine contains a crucial geological layer known as the "black layer," key to explaining the mass extinction of the dinosaurs. In this thin sediment layer, Smit found evidence of the impact of a large meteorite that collided with Earth about 66 million years ago. 

This discovery, which includes unusually high concentrations of iridium and tiny mineral spherules, was one of the first pieces of evidence to support the theory that an extraterrestrial impact caused the mass extinction. Smit’s findings not only put the Barranco del Gredero on the world’s scientific map but also provided significant evidence that matched studies from other places, such as Italy and Denmark, solidifying this groundbreaking theory about one of the most catastrophic events in our planet’s history.

What makes it truly special is that its sedimentary layers contain the so-called “K-T boundary” or “Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary,” a thin geological layer that contains a high concentration of iridium, an element rare on Earth but abundant in asteroids. This layer is clear evidence of the meteorite impact that struck the Yucatan Peninsula and caused the extinction of over 70% of the planet's species, including the dinosaurs.

But the Barranco del Gredero is not only known for its geological significance. It is also a spectacular natural landscape. Over the years, time and erosion have sculpted the land, giving it its characteristic ravine shape. The exposed geology on the ravine's walls reveals layers of millions of years of history, making this place a paradise for geologists and curious visitors alike.

The ravine is also surrounded by flora typical of the region’s semi-arid climate, with species such as esparto grass, thyme, and rosemary. It is also home to small mammals, reptiles, and birds, who find a perfect refuge in this environment.

Access to the famous "black layer" of Caravaca, located in the Barranco del Gredero, is just over 3 kilometers south-southwest of the center of Caravaca de la Cruz. To get there, take the national highway 330 towards Lorca. About 100 meters after kilometer 68, turn right onto a road that circles an industrial building called Hierros del Noroeste. Just behind this building lies the ravine, where you can observe the black layer up close. Descending into the channel, you can explore the ravine heading north, discovering geological materials deposited from the Cretaceous to the Eocene.

Activities to do in the Barranco del Gredero:

Hiking: Walking through the Barranco del Gredero is a fascinating experience, but not suitable for all skill levels. Its trails require caution due to the terrain's conditions, making it advisable to have prior experience with similar hikes or to be accompanied by specialized guides. As you progress, you can admire the different sedimentary layers formed during the Cretaceous and Eocene periods, as well as observe remains of marine organisms that inhabited the area millions of years ago.

Geological observation: This location is an open book for geologists and offers a unique opportunity for photography. You can capture images with contrasts rarely found elsewhere.

A place to learn: The ravine provides a tangible way to understand the geological processes that shaped our planet and the events that marked the end of an era. Additionally, the visit encourages reflection on the fragility of ecosystems and the impact of drastic changes on biodiversity—an important message for understanding today's environmental challenges.

Come to discover what makes this place in Caravaca de la Cruz so special and embark on a journey millions of years in the making. The Barranco del Gredero awaits you!